PhyloD3 is a free, interactive visualization of the complete human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogenetic tree, covering 5,400+ haplogroups from the mitochondrial Eve (mt-MRCA) to terminal branches. Built on data from PhyloTree (van Oven & Kayser, 2009).
The human mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic tree traces maternal lineage inheritance through mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Every person inherits their mtDNA exclusively from their mother, making it a powerful tool for tracing maternal ancestry across thousands of years. The tree organizes all known human mtDNA variation into a hierarchy of haplogroups — from the deepest African lineages (L0–L6) through the out-of-Africa macro-haplogroups M, N, and R, down to region-specific branches like H, V, J, T, U, K, and beyond.
The tree includes all major haplogroups documented by PhyloTree: African lineages L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6; Asian and Oceanian lineages M, C, D, E, G, Z; the northern Eurasian branch N, A, I, S, W, X, Y; and the western Eurasian supergroup R including B, F, H, HV, J, K, T, U, V. Each can be explored interactively, with subtree expansion and collapse at any level.